聚氯乙稀的分类及表示方法

聚氯乙烯的分类与表达

聚氯乙烯（PVC）是我国重要的有机合成材料。其产品具有良好的理化性能，广泛应用于工业、建筑、农业、日常生活、包装、电力、公用事业等领域。

从产品分类来看，在三大合成材料（合成树脂、合成纤维、合成橡胶）中，聚氯乙烯属于合成树脂类，包括PE、PVC、PP、PS、ABS五大通用树脂。

1、 PVC简介

聚氯乙烯是一种无毒无味的白色粉末。具有较高的化学稳定性和良好的塑性。PVC除少量有机溶剂外，常温下对任何浓度的盐酸、小于90%的硫酸、50-60%的硝酸、小于20%的苛性钠都有耐受性，对盐类也比较稳定；PVC的热稳定性和耐光性较差，在140℃以上会开始分解并释放氯化氢（HCl）气体，导致PVC变色。它具有良好的电绝缘性，一般不会燃烧。它能在火焰上燃烧并释放HCl，但离开火焰后会自行熄灭。它是一种自熄和阻燃物质。主要用于生产透明膜、管件、金卡、输血设备、软硬管、板材、门窗、型材、薄膜、电绝缘材料、电缆护套、输血材料等。

采用氯乙烯单体自由基聚合法制备聚氯乙烯。聚合度n一般在500～20000之间。其分子结构式如下：

2、 聚氯乙烯的分类与表达

1聚氯乙烯分类

根据生产方法的不同，PVC可分为普通PVC树脂、高聚合度PVC树脂和交联PVC树脂。通用型PVC树脂是氯乙烯单体在引发剂作用下聚合而成；高聚合度PVC树脂是指在氯乙烯单体聚合体系中加入链生长剂聚合而成的树脂；交联聚氯乙烯树脂是在氯乙烯单体聚合体系中加入含二烯和多烯的交联剂而聚合而成的树脂。

根据氯乙烯单体的制备方法，可分为电石法、乙烯法和进口（EDC、VCM）单体法。

根据聚合方法的不同，PVC可分为四大类：悬浮法聚氯乙烯、乳液聚合法聚氯乙烯、本体法聚氯乙烯和溶液法聚氯乙烯。悬浮聚氯乙烯（PVC）是目前产量最高的品种之一，约占PVC总产量的80%。

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is an important organic synthetic material in China. Its products have good physical and chemical properties, and are widely used in industry, construction, agriculture, daily life, packaging, electric power, public utilities and other fields.

In terms of product classification, PVC belongs to the synthetic resin category among the three major synthetic materials (synthetic resin, synthetic fiber and synthetic rubber), including five general-purpose resins, PE, PVC, PP, PS and ABS.

1、 Brief introduction of PVC

Polyvinyl chloride is a kind of nontoxic and odorless white powder. It has high chemical stability and good plasticity. Except for a few organic solvents, PVC is resistant to hydrochloric acid of any concentration, sulfuric acid of less than 90%, nitric acid of 50-60% and caustic soda of less than 20% at room temperature, and it is also quite stable to salts; PVC has poor thermal stability and light resistance, and it can start to decompose and release hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas above 140 ℃, causing PVC discoloration. It has excellent electrical insulation and can not burn in general. It can burn and release HCl on the flame, but it will self extinguish when it leaves the flame. It is a kind of "self extinguished" and "flame retardant" substance. It is mainly used in the production of transparent film, pipe fittings, gold cards, blood transfusion equipment, soft and hard pipes, plates, doors and windows, profiles, films, electrical insulation materials, cable sheaths, blood transfusion materials, etc.

PVC is prepared by free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer. The degree of polymerization n is generally in the range of 500 ~ 20000. Its molecular structure formula is as follows:

2、 Classification and expression of polyvinyl chloride

1. Classification of polyvinyl chloride

According to different production methods, PVC can be divided into general PVC resin, high polymerization degree PVC resin and cross-linked PVC resin. General purpose PVC resin is formed by polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer under the action of initiator; high degree of polymerization PVC resin refers to the resin polymerized by adding chain growth agent into vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system; cross-linked PVC resin is the resin polymerized by adding cross-linking agent containing diene and polyene into vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system.

According to the method of obtaining vinyl chloride monomer, it can be divided into calcium carbide method, ethylene method and imported (EDC, VCM) monomer method.

According to polymerization methods, PVC can be divided into four main categories: suspension polyvinyl chloride, emulsion polymerization, polyvinyl chloride, bulk PVC and solution polyvinyl chloride. Suspension PVC is one of the most productive varieties at present, accounting for about 80% of the total output of PVC.

聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl Chloride)，简称PVC，是我国重要的有机合成材料。其产品具有良好的物理性能和化学性能，广泛用于工业、建筑、农业、日用生活、包装、电力、公用事业等领域。

　　从产品分类看，PVC属于三大合成材料(合成树脂、合成纤维、合成橡胶)中的合成树脂类，其中包括五大通用树脂，聚乙烯PE、聚氯乙烯PVC、聚丙烯PP、聚苯乙烯PS、ABS树脂。

　　一、聚氯乙烯简介

　　聚氯乙稀是一种无毒、无臭的白色粉末。化学稳定性很高，具有良好的可塑性。除少数有机溶剂外，常温下可耐任何浓度的盐酸、90%以下的硫酸、50~60%的硝酸及20%以下的烧碱，对于盐类亦相当稳定；PVC的热稳定性和耐光性较差，在140℃以上即可开始分解并放出氯化氢(HCl)气体，致使PVC变色。电绝缘性优良，一般不会燃烧，在火焰上能燃烧并放出HCl，但离开火焰即自熄，是一种自熄性、难燃性物质。主要用于生产透明片、管件、金卡、输血器材、软、硬管、板材、门窗、异型材、薄膜、电绝缘材料、电缆护套、输血料等。

　　聚氯乙烯由氯乙烯单体通过自由基聚合而成，聚合度n一般在500~20000范围内，其分子结构式如下：

　　二、聚氯乙稀的分类及表示方法

　　1、聚氯乙稀的分类

　　根据生产方法的不同，PVC可分为：通用型PVC树脂、高聚合度PVC树脂、交联PVC树脂。通用型PVC树脂是由氯乙烯单体在引发剂的作用下聚合形成的；高聚合度PVC树脂是指在氯乙烯单体聚合体系中加入链增长剂聚合而成的树脂；交联PVC树脂是在氯乙烯单体聚合体系中加入含有双烯和多烯的交联剂聚合而成的树脂。

　　根据氯乙烯单体的获得方法来区分，可分为电石法、乙烯法和进口(EDC、VCM)单体法(习惯上把乙烯法和进口单体法统称为乙烯法)。

　　根据聚合方法，聚氯乙烯可分为四大类：悬浮法聚氯乙烯，乳液法聚氯乙烯、本体法聚氯乙烯、溶液法聚氯乙烯。悬浮法聚氯乙烯是目前产量最大的一个品种，约占PVC总产量的80%左右。