铺管船法指管道在船只上发送并通过船只沿规定线路进行下沉的施工方法

铺管船法是指将管道送入船上，通过船沿规定线路下沉的施工方法

在河流等水域的给排水工程管道施工中，应根据工程水文地质的具体情况，选择明挖管道施工和水下管道施工。前者可采用开槽施工法进行管道敷设；后者可采用浮运法、拖运法等施工方法，将组装好的管道（如钢管、化工建材管等）直接沉入河底；根据本工程的具体情况，可不采用或者只剩下几个接头连接在水上（或水下）。目前，低水压管道（如进水管、排水管等）的施工也采用预制钢筋混凝土管。沉管法可分为以下几种：浮运法（或浮铺法）是指管道在水面浮运（拖）后沉管的施工方法，又称浮拖法；底拖法（或拖铺法）是指施工方法管道从船底拖入槽内的施工方法；铺管船法是指将管道送上船，通过船沿规定线路下沉的施工方法，而铺管船法也应属于浮式运输，但其施工工艺与传统的浮式运输法有很大的不同。钢筋混凝土管的沉管也应属于浮动运输方式，但管材和成管方式不同。

近年来，江河、湖泊、海洋中沉管施工项目越来越多，随着施工难度的增加，表面浮式施工方法的局限性已难以满足一些特殊沉管工程的施工要求（如浮式管道要求流速小于0.2m/s），可采用底拖法、铺管船法、钢筋混凝土沉管法等施工方法，以适应给排水管道穿越，是本工程跨水域施工所必需的。

本规范是在总结国内给水管道过河工程和海底引水管道工程施工经验的基础上编制的。

拖底法按SY/T 0015.1和SY/T 4079的有关规定执行。

本规范除总结给排水管道工程的施工经验外，还借鉴了公路沉管隧道工程的施工经验。

由于沉管施工涉及水下和水面作业，工程技术要求高，设备使用多，施工安全和航运安全控制等复杂因素，在确定沉管施工方法后，根据施工现场条件、工程地质水文条件、航运交通、设计要求和施工技术能力，制定相应的施工技术措施，确保沉管施工质量和工程量。

7.1.11本条第一款规定，有沉管或桥管的给水管道应单独进行水压试验，水压试验应符合本规范第9章的有关规定；第二款规定，根据工程的具体情况，可以不受1km管道试验长度的限制进行整体水压试验；第三款规定，大直径钢筋混凝土管可以按照本规范和附录F的内浸法铺设。

In the construction of water supply and drainage engineering pipeline in rivers and other waters, the open cut pipeline construction and underwater pipeline construction should be selected according to the specific conditions of Engineering hydrogeology. The former can adopt slotting construction method for pipeline laying; the latter can adopt floating transportation method, hauling method and other construction methods to directly sink the assembled pipeline (such as steel pipe, or chemical building material pipe) into the river bottom; and according to the specific situation of the project, no or only a few joints are left to connect above (or under) the water. At present, prefabricated reinforced concrete pipes are also used in the construction of pipes with low water pressure (such as water intake pipe, discharge pipe, etc.). Pipe sinking method can be divided into the following types: floating transportation method (or floating laying method) refers to the construction method of pipeline sinking after floating transportation (towing) on the surface, also known as floating towing method; bottom towing method (or traction laying method) refers to the construction method of pipeline dragging from the bottom into the trough; pipe laying ship method refers to the construction method of pipeline sending on the ship and sinking along the specified line through the ship, and pipe laying ship method should also belong to floating transportation But its construction technology is very different from the conventional floating transportation method. The immersed pipe of reinforced concrete pipe should also belong to the floating transportation method, but the pipe material and pipe forming way are different.

In recent years, there are more and more immersed pipe construction projects in rivers, lakes and seas, and with the increase of construction difficulty, the limitation of surface floating construction method is difficult to meet the construction requirements of some special immersed pipe projects (such as the floating pipe requires that the water flow speed is less than 0.2m/s); the bottom towing method, pipe laying ship method, reinforced concrete pipe sinking and other construction methods can be used to adapt to the water supply and drainage pipeline crossing It is necessary for the construction of the project over the water area.

This code is compiled on the basis of summarizing the construction experience of domestic water supply pipeline crossing river project and submarine diversion pipeline project.

The bottom dragging method refers to the relevant provisions of SY / T 0015.1 and SY / T 4079.

In addition to summarizing the construction experience of water supply and drainage pipeline engineering, this specification also draws lessons from the construction experience of highway immersed tunnel engineering.

As the immersed tube construction involves underwater and surface operation, high engineering technical requirements, more equipment use, construction safety and shipping safety control and other complex factors, after the determination of immersed tube construction method, corresponding construction technical measures should be formulated according to the construction site conditions, engineering geological and hydrological conditions, shipping traffic, design requirements and construction technical ability, so as to ensure the quality of immersed tube construction Quantity.

7.1.11   The first paragraph of this article stipulates that the water supply pipeline with immersed pipe or bridge pipe should be subject to separate hydrostatic test, which shall comply with the relevant provisions in Chapter 9 of this specification; the second paragraph stipulates that the overall hydrostatic test can be conducted without the limitation of 1km pipe test length according to the specific situation of the project; the third paragraph stipulates that the large diameter reinforced concrete pipe can be laid according to the internal infiltration method of this specification And appendix F.

在河流等水域施工给排水工程管道，应根据工程水文地质等具体情况选择明挖铺设管道施工和水下铺设管道施工。前者的管道铺设可采取开槽施工法；而后者可采用浮运法、拖运法等施工方法，将已经组装拼接好的管道(如钢管、或化学建材管)直接沉入河底；并视工程具体情况不留或仅留少数接口在水上(或水下)连接。对于管内水压较小的管道(如取水管、排放管等)，目前也采用预制钢筋混凝土管分节下沉、水下接口连接的方法施工。沉管法分为以下几种：浮运法(或漂浮敷设法)指管道在水面浮运(拖)到位后下沉的施工方法，又称为浮拖法；底拖法(或牵引敷设法)指管道从水底拖入槽内的施工方法；铺管船法指管道在船只上发送并通过船只沿规定线路进行下沉的施工方法，铺管船法也应属于浮运法的一种，但其施工技术与常规的水面浮运法有很大的不同。钢筋混凝土管沉管也应属于浮运法，只是管材和管道形成的方式不同。

    近些年来在江河、湖海中进行沉管施工的工程越来越多，且工程施工难度的增加，水面浮运法施工的局限性很难满足一些特殊沉管工程的施工要求(如漂管要求水流速度小于0.2m/s以下)；可采用底拖法、铺管船法、钢筋混凝土管沉放等施工方法，以适应给排水管道穿越水域的工程施工需要。

    本规范是在总结了国内给水管道过江工程、海底引水管道等工程的施工经验基础上编制的有关铺管船法施工内容。

    底拖法参考了《原油和天然气输送管道穿跨越工程设计规范  穿越工程》SY/T 0015.1和《石油天然气管道穿越工程施工及验收规范》SY/T 4079的相关规定。

    本规范编制中除了总结有关给排水管道工程的施工经验外，还借鉴了公路沉管隧道工程的施工经验。

    由于沉管施工涉及水下、水面作业，工程技术要求高、设备使用多、施工安全和航运安全控制等复杂因素，沉管施工方法确定后，还应根据施工现场条件、工程地质和水文条件、航运交通，以及设计要求和施工技术能力，制定相应的施工技术措施，保证沉管施工质量。

7.1.11  本条第1款规定采用沉管或桥管给水管道部分宜单独进行水压试验，并应符合本规范第9章的相关规定；第2款规定应根据工程具体情况，不必受1km的管道试验长度限制，可不分段进行整体水压试验；第3款规定大口径钢筋混凝土管沉放管道可在铺设后可按本规范内渗法和附录F的规定进行管道严密性检验。