专升本英语-第四部分：阅读理解

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专升本英语-第四部分：阅读理解

阅读理解，总共20小题，共60分。每个短文一般3-4个小问，带着问题到文章中找答案，基本上都可以在相应的段落里找到答案。做阅读理解要注意故事的情节，一些细节，及前后的推断总结。一般做对8-10题是不难的，大概能得30分左右。下面我们会总结阅读理解常见的一些体裁，相应的特点和解题技巧。认真学习，可以再多增加个10分左右的得分点。

阅读理解题是考查学生综合运用所学词汇和语法知识获取信息能力的重要试题。题型为选择题，有三到四篇短文，总阅读量不少于1000个词。体裁有记叙文、说明文、应用文等，每篇短文后皆有数量不等的问题或不完整的句子，要求考生在仔细阅读短文后，从每个问题或不完整的句子下面的四个选项中，选出可以用来回答问题或补全句子的最佳答案。要求考生读完短文后，能掌握每篇短文的主旨大意、主要事实、有关细节及上下文的逻辑关系。

不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧

（1）记叙文

记叙文可分为传记类和故事类。

传记类文章在阅读时时间是贯穿全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。

故事类文章，情节较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。

（2）说明文

说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果等进行介绍、解释或阐述的文章。把我所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数子法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。

（3）应用文

应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。

（历年真题）案例分析一：

We all love a hero,and rescue dogs are some of the biggest heroes of all.You will often find them going above and beyond duty to save someone,risking-and at times losing-their lives in the process.

Rescue dogs are generally found in the Sporting and Hunting Groups,or from the traditional Herding Group.These types include the Bloodhound,Labrador Labrador Retriever,Newfoundland,German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, and Belgian Malinois-all of which are chosen for search-and-rescue duty because of their amazing physical strength,loyalty,and their tendency for mental stability.

These types also have a keen sense of hearing and smell-to better locate lost individuals-and are often able to access hard-to-reach areas. As highly trained animals,they serve in many different fields, including specialist search,snow slide rescue,dead body location,and tracking.

To overcome obstacles and succeed when performing the demanding duties of a search-and-rescue worker,a dog must display certain qualities. In addition to intelligence and strength,the dog must be swift, confident,easily trainable,adaptable,and have a high level of stamina (耐力)and endurance.A strong sense of group cooperation and an ability to engage in friendly play during"down"time is also required of search-and-rescue dogs.

A rescue dog goes through many,many hours of intensive training to be fit for duty.Training is not for the faint-hearted.Certification training can take from two to three years,working three to four hours a day,three to six days a week,often in group,team-oriented sessions.

Each search-and-rescue field requires different types of training. Rescue training,for instance, includes"air scenting"-where dogs are trained to smell the air for the victim's scent(气味) and then follow the scent to the person.This ability is crucial to finding victims trapped under collapsed buildings and snow slide.

1.Rescue dogs are chosen probably because__________.

A.they are loyal

B.they are brave

C.they have amazing appearances

D.they have good eyesight

2.What does"faint-hearted " in Paragraph 5 mean?

A.Courageous.

B.Cowardly.

C.Energetic.

D.Slow.

3.Which ability is most important for dogs to rescue people trapped in snow?

A.Sharp hearing.

B.Swift movement.

C.Extraordinary smelling.

D.A strong memory.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Selection process of rescue dogs.

B.Qualities and training of rescue dogs.

C.Risks rescue dogs are faced with.

D.Types of tasks rescue dogs can perform.

答案与解析：

1.A.事实细节题。由第二段最后一句all of which are chosen for...loyalty, and their tendency for mental stability可知，挑选搜救犬的条件是强壮的体格、忠诚、心理稳定程度，故选A.

2.B.词义理解题。第五段主要描述搜救犬需要经过长期艰苦训练，所以这种训练应该不适合懦弱胆小者，只有顽强的搜救犬才能坚持下来。由此推测，faint-hearted应指懦弱的，故选B.

3.C.推理判断题。由第六段最后两句可知，搜救训练的一项内容是让搜救犬去嗅空气中受害者的气味，这项能力对发现被困在坍塌建筑物和雪崩中的受害者至关重要。由此可推断，在搜救被困在雪里的受害者时，搜救犬及其敏锐的嗅觉是最重要的。故选C.

1. B.主旨大意题。文章第二、三、四段主要讲搜救犬需要具备的能力和条件，第五、六段讲搜救犬的训练，所以这篇文章的主题是搜救犬的本领和训练，故选B.

（历年真题）案例分析二：

As recently as three decades ago,many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and dangerous way to pay for what they bought.Some even thought that owing money to a store or a credit company was something to be ashamed of.Good citizens,they believed,always bought what they wanted with real money and they paid the full price immediately.Today,however,all that has changed.Credit,as some observers have noted,has become a way of life in the United States.More and more Americans now are depending on those small pieces of plastic,credit cards,to pay for large purchases such as televisions,record players or furniture.Many people today would consider it unusual not to use a credit card to pay for a costly restaurant dinner,a hotel room or an airline trip.And there are some situations in which Americans must have

credit cards.If they want the temporary use of a car,for example,they first must give the car rental company the number of their credit card.That number is considered a guarantee that they will return the car and pay for using it.Credit cards offer two major services to Americans.First of all,they are easier and safer to carry than large amounts of money.Second,they permit people to borrow,to have the immediate pleasure of owning something,even if they do not have enough money to pay for it at the time.With credit cards people pay for goods or services at the end of each month instead of when they buy them.And when the time does come to pay,most credit cards offer people a choice.They can pay all of what they owe for the month or they can just pay usually between 5 and 10 percent of what they owe.

1.What do Americans feel about using credit cards nowadays according to the passage?

A.They consider it valuable.d

B.They regard it as a shame.

C.They think it dangerous.

D.They find .it quite convenient.

2.Why does the car rental company ask for the credit card number?

A.To prevent the overuse of the car.

B.To make sure that the car won't be damaged.

C.To make sure the user return the car and pay for using it.

D.To ensure that the car is safely and timely returned.

3.What advantage can credit card holders have?

A.They can choose not to pay for their purchases.

B.They can easily borrow money at a lower interest.

C.They can own something before they actually pay for it.

D.They can pay only a small amount of what they owe.

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A.Credit-a Way of Life in America

B.Credit Services in America

C.Convenience of Living in America

D.History of Credit Cards in America

1.答案D

考情点拨推理判断题。

【应试指导】文章第一段写以前美国人对信用卡的看法很不好,第二段写如今人们的态度发生了改变,越来越多的人使用信用卡,有了信用卡生活更方便,故选D.

2.答案C

考情点拨事实细节题。

【应试指导】根据文章第二段最后两句可知,汽车出租商要信用卡卡号是为了确保租车人会归还汽车并付费,故选C

3.答案C

考情点拨事实细节题。

【应试指导】由文章第三段第三句they permitpeople to borrow...for it at the time可知,即使目前不能支付得起,人们仍然可以提前拥有某样东西,故选C。

4.答案A

考情点拨主旨大意题。

【应试指导】整篇文章讲的是美国人对使用信用卡的态度和信用卡的使用对美国人生活的影响,所以信用消费一一美国的一种生活方式最能概括全文,故选A

（历年真题）案例分析三：

At the 1893 Columbian Exposition,a World Fair held in Chicago,chocolate-making machinery made in Germany was displayed.It caught the eye of M.S.Hershey,who saw the potential for chocolate.He installed chocolate machinery in his factory in Lancaster,and produced his first chocolate bars in 1894.

Other Americans began mixing in other materials to make up new candy bars throughout the end of the 1890's and the early 1900's.But it was World War l that really brought attention to the candy bar.

The U.S.Army Quartermaster Corps requested various American chocolate manufacturers to provide 20 to 40 pound blocks of chocolate to be shipped to quartermaster bases.The blocks were cut into smaller pieces and distributed to American soldiers in Europe.Eventually the task of making smaller pieces was turned back to the manufacturers.By the end of the war when the soldiers arrived home,the American candy bar business was assured.Why?Because the returning soldiers had grown fond of chocolate candy and wanted more of the same.As a result,from that time on and through the 1920's,candy bar manufacturers became established throughout the United States,and as many as 40,000 different candy bars appeared on the scene.

The original candy bar industry had its start on the eastern coast in such cities as Philadelphia,

Boston,and New York.The industry soon spread to the Midwest because shipping and raw materials such as sugar,corn syrup,and milk were easily available.Chicago became the seat of the candy bar industry and is even today an important base.

1.Why did M.S.Hershey start the production of chocolate bars?

A.He was deeply impressed by the Columbian Exposition.

B.He realized that it was possible for chocolate to become popular.

C.There was nothing to produce in his factory in Lancaster.

D.He was interested in the chocolate machinery displayed at the fair.

2.Which event brought the booming of American candy bar business?

A.The adding of new materials.

B.The demand in the army during WWI.

C.The purchase of new machines.

D.The appearance of smaller candy bars.

3.What does the underlined word "seatin the last paragraph most probably mean?

A.Focus.

B.Position.

C.Chair.

D.Center.

4.What is this passage mainly about?

A.A World Fair held in Chicago in 1893.

B.The popularity of the American candy bar industry.

C.The candy bar industry during World War I.

D.The spread of the candy bar business to the Midwest.

1.答案B

考情点拨事实细节题。

【应试指导】由文章第一段第二句It caught the eye of M.S.Hershey,who saw the potential for chocolate"可知,M.S.Hershey 开始生产巧克力龙因为看到了它的潜力,故选B.

2.答案B

考情点拨事实细节题。

【应试指导】由文章第二段第二句But it was World War I that really brought attention to the candy bar."可知,是第一次世界大战让糖块的生产迅速发展,故选B

3.答案D

考情点拨词义判断题。

【应试指导】文章第四段讲的是生产糖块的主要城市,介绍了其优势条件,最后一句强调了芝加哥是糖块生产的重要基地,结合上下文可知,seat意为中心,基地。center 意为中心,符合题意,故选D。

4.答案B

考情点拨主旨大意题。

【应试指导】本文讲了美国糖块生产的发展,时间跨度从一战前到一战中,再到一战后,空间跨度从美国东部到中西部,整个过程中糖块越来越受欢迎,所以本文主要讲的是美国糖块产业的普及。

（历年真题）案例分析四：

Sound sleep occurs when one s internal clock is regulated. Circadian rhythms (生理节奏) can become compromised quite easily. Many people with sleep troubles tend to vary bedtimes. To avoid this common problem, sleep sufferers should go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.To help improve circadian rhythms ，sufferers should enjoy 15 minutes of sun exposure the first thing in the morning.

A bedtime routine can help prevent insomnia (失眠). One hour before be time, one should lower the lights and relax. Reading a book or listening to calm music can help prepare the body for a night's seep. Taking a warm, candlelit bath or drinking a cup of warm milk can also help you prepare for deep sleep at night.

Stress can have a bad effect on the body and the ability to seep. A daily exercise routine can help lower the body' s stress naturally. One can also manage stress by writing diaries. Writing diaries can help people express their anxieties, plan for the future and improve sleep. Other ways to lower stress include deep breathing exercises and progressive muscle relaxation.

The light sending out from computers, cellphones, tablets and televisions can cause sleep problems. Therefore, these items should be turned off at least an hour before bedtime. Additionally ，lowering the backlight on these electronic devices earlier in the evening can help you fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer once bedtime arrives.

A perfect bedroom invites sweet sleep. Most people sleep better in a cool, dark, and quiet room.Lower the temperature in the room to 16 ~ 20 degrees for a peaceful night's sleep.A dark room can be accomplished by installing light blocking curtains or wearing a sleep mask. Noise can be reduced with either earplugs or a white noise machine. Finally, a comfortable mattress (床垫) and pillows are essential to a good night's sleep.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to get a sound sleep. B. How to lower body stress

C. How to regulate internal clocks. D. How to manage anxieties.

2. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following may lead to insomnia?

A. Reading a book for relaxation before bedtime.

B. Lowering lights one hour before bedtime.

C. Drinking some warm milk before bedtime.

D. Listening to rock music before bedtime.

3. What can be done to reduce stress?

A. Doing exercise every day

B. Making plans for the future.

C. Writing about your sleep patterns.