学位英语应试技巧及真题讲解：[13] 学位英语：2004年阅读理解分析
2004年真题
Many parents give lunch money to their teenagers instead of a box lunch. The teenagers will often spend that money for a fast food lunch of hot dogs or hamburgers instead of in the school cafeteria.
They are strongly influenced by what their friends do, and even though you've filled Them with good eating habits since early childhood, they cast them off in favor of eating junk food if that is what the others eat.
Unfortunately, hot dog and French fry eaters tend to be malnourished (营养不良) especially if they don't eat fruits and vegetables at lunch time.
Fast foods are high in calories, high in fats and high in sodium, and Vitamins A, C and E, calcium and iron are very low or missing from fast foods. Fast foods are considered "junk foods" if they have too many calories , fried and too few nutrients.
Teenage girls are among the most poorly nourished group m Canadian society, because they are often dieting to stay slim. They seldom think of achieving this end by increasing their daily exercises. Very few of them are regularly involved in sports, and they are generally more inactive than boys. They tend to skip meals, but when they are with friends, they enjoy themselves at .junk foods that provide them with little of the nutrients they require.
Fighting with your teenage daughter, or son, usually doesn't help. Teenagers are resistant and seek independence from their parents. So telling your teenagers that fast foods are bad for them might be of some help.
16. A cafeteria is
A. a restaurant where people can serve themselves
B. a coffee shop where people can have a cup of coffee
C. a tea shop where people can have a cup of tea
D. a bar where people can have drinks
17. Nowadays teenagers tend to have a fast food lunch because
A. they are influenced by each other
B. they are given lunch money
C. fast foods are usually fried
D. fast foods are nutritious
18. If teenage girls want to stay slim, they should
A. be involved in sports irregularly
B. increase their daily exercises
C. eat fast foods
D. skip meals
19. People regard fast foods as "junk foods" because of the following EXCEPT That
A. they are usually fried
B. they have too many calories
C. they have too few nutrients
D. they have enough vitamins
20. What do you expect in the next paragraph after this passage.'?
A. Giving some nutrition advice to parents.
B. Explaining some disadvantages of eating fast foods.
C. Introducing some advantages of eating fast foods.
D. Criticizing parents for giving their children lunch money.
An occasional drink with dinner could reduce the risk of having a stroke (中风) according to a new study. Researchers found that light to moderate drinkers can lower their risk by about 20 percent compared with non-drinkers.
The study was the biggest ever to examine the link between alcohol and stroke. It showed that as little as a single glass of wine or beer per week can significantly reduce stroke risk. The study involved more than 22,000 men, but the researchers said the results could also apply to women.
However, the researchers stressed it would be unwise for doctors to advise patients who don't drink to suddenly start or those who drink small amounts to begin consuming more heavily. The study found no added protection from stroke by drinking more than lightly or moderately.
And researchers warned of possible harms posed by alcohol, such as liver damage, the dangers of driving while drunk and the risk of breast cancer in women.
What's more, there are other ways to reduce stroke risk, such as quitting smoking or lowering blood pressure.
Numerous studies have shown that modest drinking reduces the risk of heart disease. But until now, the evidence of an effect on strokes has been less convincing. Early studies were criticized because they simply compared drinkers to non-drinkers. This latest study examined varying levels of alcohol intake. It found that between one drink a week and one a day reduces the risk, and the lesser amount was about as good as the higher one.
21. The study was the biggest ever because
A. it has been published lately
B. it involved more than 22,000 men
C. it provided some advice to doctors
D. the results could also apply to women
22. Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned in the passage to reduce stroke risk?
A. Giving up smoking.
B. Lowering blood pressure.
C. Drinking lightly and occasionally.
D. Taking medicine on time.
23. Alcohol does the following harm EXCEPT
A. resulting in liver damage
B. causing traffic accidents
C. lowering blood pressure
D. increasing the risk of breast cancer
24. The study is considered more successful because it
A. compared drinkers to non-drinkers
B. tested light drinkers
C. looked into heavy drinkers
D. examined varying levels of alcohol intake
25. The purpose of the study is
A. to look at the link between alcohol and stroke
B. to advise non-drinkers to make a start
C. to encourage light drinkers to become heavy drinkers
D. to promote the sale of alcohol
Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather, such as torrential rains and severe thunderstorms, begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms I:.ecause the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to see clearly the small atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts” was impracticable. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were beyond overcoming. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communication satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists (气象学家) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, nowcasting is becoming a reality.
26. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Severe Thunderstorms and Damages.
B. Weather Forecasting and Life-threatening Damages.
C. Science Advances and Nowcasts.
D. Available Data and Nowcasts.
27. Nowcasts are
A. local forecasts
B. short-range forecasts
C. medium-range forecasts
D. long-range forecasts
28. Nowcasts used to be impracticable because
A. there were no conventional computers
B. the cost of the equipping and operating was sky high
C. there were no difficulties in data processing
D. there were not enough meteorologists
29. Things have been changed by the following EXCEPT
A. the use of radar systems and automated instruments
B. the use of communication satellites and modern computers
C. the joint work of meteorologists and computer scientists
D. weather information volume is large enough to compile and analyze
30. The dream of Nowcasts will come true when
A. the cost is lowered
B. people need it to reduce damages
C. meteorologists can make full use of the new technologies
D. conventional weather forecasts are got rid of
Back in the 1870s, Charles Daiwin's cousin Francis Galton wanted to define the face of a criminal. He assembled a set of samples by lining them up on a single photographic plate. The surprise is that everybody liked the villain (反面人物), including Galton himself. He reasoned that the villainous irregularities he supposed belonged to criminal faces had disappeared in the averaging process. In the next century, scientists began to show reliably that faces combine digitally on computers were likable------more than the individual' faces from which they were composed. Although people clearly admire the long legs of Brazilian model Ana Hickmann or Dolly Parton's breasts, in general humans like averages.
Last week researchers confirmed that humans judge real faces by their differences or similarities from a norm. But they also found that the norm can change quickly. When researchers showed 164 people, a set of 100 computer generated faces representing a slow transition from male to female--and from Japanese to Spanish--it turned out that the test subjects' idea of what constituted an "average" face shifted depending on the first face they saw. When they were flashed a super-masculine face,' first, more faces on the spectrum impressed them, by contrast, as female. The masculine faces had, in effect, set a standard. From then on, other faces had to be more masculine in order to rate as belonging to the gender. The study noted a similar shift using a scale of faces moving from surprise to disgust.
The authors of the study, who published their results, last week in the journal Nature, conclude that in real life we also quickly change our perception of the midpoint--what's normal--depending on what we see. We may not be aware that our judgment has changed; we simply see differently, says Michael Webster, a psychologist at the University of Nevada in Rena.
31. Which of the following can best describe the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. The way to define the face of a criminal.
B. Most people admire the long legs of Ana Hickmann or Dolly Parton's breasts.
C. Darwin's cousin F. Ualton was the first person who began to define faces.
D. The relation between the face of the villain and the faces of averages.
32. The word which is similar in meaning to "norm" in Paragraph 2 is
A. average B. gender C. transition D. scale
33. Which of the following can be an essential factor for people to choose a face he or she likes?
A. The whole spectrum of faces.
B. The shifting of faces.
C. Their differences or similarities from a norm.
D. The flashing of the super-masculine face.
34、the sentence in paragraph 2 “from then on , other faces had to be more masculine in order to rate as belonging to the gender” can best mean
A、from that face on, more masculine faces have to be shown
B、from that masculine faces on, other faces are to be shown with more and more striking masculine features
C、from the time of setting the standard, other faces had to be more and more masculine
D、from the shining of the super-masculine face, other faces should be masculine in gender
35、in the last paragraph, the writer of the passage implies that
A、there is no standard in defining a face at all
B、people’s judgment of faces is actually subconscious
C、people’s judgment of a face may be different with the trend change
D、different people may like different faces in different societies
2004年阅读理解真题
Many parents give lunch money to their teenagers instead of a box lunch. The teenagers will often spend that money for a fast food lunch of hot dogs or hamburgers instead of in the school cafeteria.
They are strongly influenced by what their friends do, and even though you've filled them with good eating habits since early childhood, they cast them off in favor of eating junk food if that is what the others eat.
Unfortunately, hot dog and French fry eaters tend to be malnourished (营养不良) especially if they don't eat fruits and vegetables at lunch time.
Fast foods are high in calories, high in fats and high in sodium, and Vitamins A, C and E, calcium and iron are very low or missing from fast foods. Fast foods are considered "junk foods" if they have too many calories , fried and too few nutrients.
Teenage girls are among the most poorly nourished group in Canadian society, because they are often dieting to stay slim. They seldom think of achieving this end by increasing their daily exercises. Very few of them are regularly involved in sports, and they are generally more inactive than boys. They tend to skip meals, but when they are with friends, they enjoy themselves at .junk foods that provide them with little of the nutrients they require.
Fighting with your teenage daughter, or son, usually doesn't help. Teenagers are resistant and seek independence from their parents. So telling your teenagers that fast foods are bad for them might be of some help.
16. A cafeteria is
A. a restaurant where people can serve themselves
B. a coffee shop where people can have a cup of coffee
C. a tea shop where people can have a cup of tea
D. a bar where people can have drinks
17. Nowadays teenagers tend to have a fast food lunch because
A. they are influenced by each other
B. they are given lunch money
C. fast foods are usually fried
D. fast foods are nutritious
18. If teenage girls want to stay slim, they should
A. be involved in sports irregularly
B. increase their daily exercises
C. eat fast foods
D. skip meals
19. People regard fast foods as "junk foods" because of the following EXCEPT That
A. they are usually fried
B. they have too many calories
C. they have too few nutrients
D. they have enough vitamins
20. What do you expect in the next paragraph after this passage.'?
A. Giving some nutrition advice to parents.
B. Explaining some disadvantages of eating fast foods.
C. Introducing some advantages of eating fast foods.
D. Criticizing parents for giving their children lunch money.
An occasional drink with dinner could reduce the risk of having a stroke (中风) according to a new study. Researchers found that light to moderate drinkers can lower their risk by about 20 percent compared with non-drinkers.
The study was the biggest ever to examine the link between alcohol and stroke. It showed that as little as a single glass of wine or beer per week can significantly reduce stroke risk. The study involved more than 22,000 men, but the researchers said the results could also apply to women.
However, the researchers stressed it would be unwise for doctors to advise patients who don't drink to suddenly start or those who drink small amounts to begin consuming more heavily. The study found no added protection from stroke by drinking more than lightly or moderately.
And researchers warned of possible harms posed by alcohol, such as liver damage, the dangers of driving while drunk and the risk of breast cancer in women.
What's more, there are other ways to reduce stroke risk, such as quitting smoking or lowering blood pressure.
Numerous studies have shown that modest drinking reduces the risk of heart disease. But until now, the evidence of an effect on strokes has been less convincing. Early studies were criticized because they simply compared drinkers to non-drinkers. This latest study examined varying levels of alcohol intake. It found that between one drink a week and one a day reduces the risk, and the lesser amount was about as good as the higher one.
21. The study was the biggest ever because
A. it has been published lately
B. it involved more than 22,000 men
C. it provided some advice to doctors
D. the results could also apply to women
22. Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned in the passage to reduce stroke risk?
A. Giving up smoking.
B. Lowering blood pressure.
C. Drinking lightly and occasionally.
D. Taking medicine on time.
23. Alcohol does the following harm EXCEPT
A. resulting in liver damage
B. causing traffic accidents
C. lowering blood pressure
D. increasing the risk of breast cancer
24. The study is considered more successful because it
A. compared drinkers to non-drinkers
B. tested light drinkers
C. looked into heavy drinkers
D. examined varying levels of alcohol intake
25. The purpose of the study is
A. to look at the link between alcohol and stroke
B. to advise non-drinkers to make a start
C. to encourage light drinkers to become heavy drinkers
D. to promote the sale of alcohol
Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather, such as torrential rains and severe thunderstorms, begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms I:.ecause the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to see clearly the small atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts” was impracticable. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were beyond overcoming. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communication satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists (气象学家) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, nowcasting is becoming a reality.
26. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Severe Thunderstorms and Damages.
B. Weather Forecasting and Life-threatening Damages.
C. Science Advances and Nowcasts.
D. Available Data and Nowcasts.
27. Nowcasts are
A. local forecasts
B. short-range forecasts
C. medium-range forecasts
D. long-range forecasts
28. Nowcasts used to be impracticable because
A. there were no conventional computers
B. the cost of the equipping and operating was sky high
C. there were no difficulties in data processing
D. there were not enough meteorologists
29. Things have been changed by the following EXCEPT
A. the use of radar systems and automated instruments
B. the use of communication satellites and modern computers
C. the joint work of meteorologists and computer scientists
D. weather information volume is large enough to compile and analyze
30. The dream of Nowcasts will come true when
A. the cost is lowered
B. people need it to reduce damages
C. meteorologists can make full use of the new technologies
D. conventional weather forecasts are got rid of
Back in the 1870s, Charles Daiwin's cousin Francis Galton wanted to define the face of a criminal. He assembled a set of samples by lining them up on a single photographic plate. The surprise is that everybody liked the villain (反面人物), including Galton himself. He reasoned that the villainous irregularities he supposed belonged to criminal faces had disappeared in the averaging process. In the next century, scientists began to show reliably that faces combine digitally on computers were likable----more than the individual' faces from which they were composed. Although people clearly admire the long legs of Brazilian model Ana Hickmann or Dolly Parton's breasts, in general humans like averages.
Last week researchers confirmed that humans judge real faces by their differences or similarities from a norm. But they also found that the norm can change quickly. When researchers showed 164 people, a set of 100 computer generated faces representing a slow transition from male to female--and from Japanese to Spanish--it turned out that the test subjects' idea of what constituted an "average" face shifted depending on the first face they saw. When they were flashed a super-masculine face,' first, more faces on the spectrum impressed them, by contrast, as female. The masculine faces had, in effect, set a standard. From then on, other faces had to be more masculine in order to rate as belonging to the gender. The study noted a similar shift using a scale of faces moving from surprise to disgust.
The authors of the study, who published their results, last week in the journal Nature, conclude that in real life we also quickly change our perception of the midpoint--what's normal--depending on what we see. We may not be aware that our judgment has changed; we simply see differently, says Michael Webster, a psychologist at the University of Nevada in Rena.
31. Which of the following can best describe the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A. The way to define the face of a criminal.
B. Most people admire the long legs of Ana Hickmann or Dolly Parton's breasts.
C. Darwin's cousin F. Ualton was the first person who began to define faces.
D. The relation between the face of the villain and the faces of averages.
32. The word which is similar in meaning to "norm" in Paragraph 2 is
A. average B. gender C. transition D. scale
33. Which of the following can be an essential factor for people to choose a face he or she likes?
A. The whole spectrum of faces.
B. The shifting of faces.
C. Their differences or similarities from a norm.
D. The flashing of the super-masculine face.
34、the sentence in paragraph 2 “from then on , other faces had to be more masculine in order to rate as belonging to the gender” can best mean
A、from that face on, more masculine faces have to be shown
B、from that masculine faces on, other faces are to be shown with more and more striking masculine features
C、from the time of setting the standard, other faces had to be more and more masculine
D、from the shining of the super-masculine face, other faces should be masculine in gender
35、in the last paragraph, the writer of the passage implies that
A、there is no standard in defining a face at all
B、people’s judgment of faces is actually subconscious
C、people’s judgment of a face may be different with the trend change
D、different people may like different faces in different societies
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